On July 7, 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued new warnings regarding hydroxyethyl starch (HES) blood volume expanders. Specifically, the FDA is now requiring manufacturers to ...

Table 1. Comparative volumes of the various solutions necessary to obtain plasma volume expansion of 1000 mL in healthy subjects Plasma volume expansion (mL) Volume infused Modification of ...

The basic experimental model tested the ability of an infusion of human plasma to expand the normal plasma volume to a hypervolemic state and to maintain this expansion for several hours. The kinetics ...