Physical and mental health effects of physical abuse may include bone and skin injuries, depression, trauma, social isolation, and difficulty trusting others. “Abuse” is a broad term that describes a ...

Opioid medications treat pain associated with surgery, cancer, chronic illness, and traumatic injury. The short-term effects of taking opioids are well-studied, but the long-term effects are less ...

A doctor may prescribe opioid medications to manage pain after surgery or traumatic injury. They may also prescribe them for longer than several weeks to manage chronic conditions, such as ...

Remarkable scientific progress over the past five decades has helped us develop knowledge of how drugs of abuse induce pleasure, reinforce use, and lead to the compulsive self-administration we call ...

The causal effect of education on smoking is an additional benefit of education. This study also investigates the causal effects of smoking addiction on education. Smoking addiction negatively affects ...

This post was coauthored by Gabriella P. Oettinger and Juan M. Dominguez, Ph.D. As we begin the new school year, the importance of understanding the challenges and risks that students face becomes ...